Stun spore immunization12/13/2023 ![]() Anthrax in humans presents with a wide array of clinical manifestations depending on the route of exposure with inhalational (pulmonary anthrax) disease being most severe ( 1). Worldwide, anthrax is largely considered a disease of herbivores with humans contracting the natural disease through contact with infected animals or animal products. anthracis is most commonly associated with its use as a biological weapon largely due to use of spores in an attack through the US postal system after 9/11 ( 2, 3). anthracis and potentially other inhalational pathogens.īacillus anthracis is an endospore forming, gram positive bacterium, and the causative agent of anthrax ( 1). In summary, the NLP platform enhances humoral and mucosal responses to intranasal immunization, indicating promise for NLPs as a flexible, robust vaccine platform against B. No off-target responses to the NLP scaffold protein were detected. Administering combinations of constructs induced responses to multiple antigens, indicating potential for a multivalent vaccine preparation. When multiple immunizations were required for sustained titers, specific antibodies were detected earlier in the boost schedule with MPLA-NLP-mediated delivery than with free MPLA. Typically, a single dose sufficed to induce sustained antibody titers over time. anthracis antigen-MPLA-NLP constructs induced robust IgG and IgA responses in serum and in bronchoalveolar and nasal lavage. ![]() Modified lipids enabled attachment of disparate spore and toxin protein antigens. ![]() We investigated nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) containing the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as a platform for intranasal vaccination against Bacillus anthracis. Subunit vaccines are theoretically safe and easy to manufacture but require effective adjuvants and delivery systems to yield protective immunity, particularly at critical mucosal sites such as the lung. 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.1Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States.Blanchette 1 † Adam Driks 2 ‡ Amy Rasley 1 * ![]()
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